Shodmonov was born in 1962 in Tashkent. In 1985, he graduated from Andijan State Medical Institute. In 2009-2010, he worked as Vice-Rector for Academic Affairs at ASMI, and in 2010-2015, as the Rector of the same institution.

In 2015-2017, he was a deputy of the Legislative Chamber of Oliy Majlis. From 2017 to 2020, he worked as the Minister of Health.

Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Alisher Shodmonov has been working as the rector of the Tashkent Medical Academy since 2020.